法律英语法庭意见书网页设计 - 翻译2301梁彧涵

设计者信息

设计者：翻译2301 梁彧涵

本网页基于《法律英语泛读教程（上）》第一单元
WILLIAM MARBURY v. JAMES MADISON案法庭意见书设计，聚焦法律英语学习与案例展示

1. 设计工具、方法、过程

1.1 设计工具

  • 前端开发工具：Visual Studio Code（主编辑器）+ HTML5（页面结构搭建）+ CSS3（样式美化）+ JavaScript（交互功能实现）；Bootstrap 5（响应式框架），确保在电脑、平板、手机等多设备上自适应显示。
  • 文档处理工具：Adobe Acrobat Reader（提取教材中MARBURY v. MADISON案法庭意见书原文）、Grammarly（英文文本校对，确保案例原文与双语知识库的准确性）。
  • 视觉设计工具：Figma（网页原型草图绘制，确定模块布局）、Font Awesome（图标库，提升页面视觉辨识度）；色彩方案：深蓝色（#0d3b66，象征法律权威与严谨）+ 白色（背景色，保证文本可读性）+ 浅蓝色（#e9f5ff，辅助色，区分模块层次）。

1.2 设计方法

  • 模块化设计法：将网页划分为“设计者信息”“设计工具方法过程”“法庭意见书要素”“双语知识库”四大独立模块，每个模块内部再细分二级内容（如“法庭意见书要素”包含原文节选与要素解析），模块间逻辑清晰，便于后续维护与内容更新。
  • 用户导向设计法：针对法律英语学习者需求，“法庭意见书要素”采用“原文+表格解析”形式，标注关键法律术语与诉讼程序要点；“双语知识库”按“术语-短语-句型”分类，每个知识点搭配英文释义、中文翻译及案例例句，贴合学习场景。
  • 响应式设计法：基于Bootstrap栅格系统，实现多设备适配——电脑端（屏幕宽度≥992px）采用三列布局，平板端（768px≤宽度＜992px）采用两列布局，手机端（宽度＜768px）采用单列布局，优化不同设备的浏览体验。

1.3 设计过程

  1. 需求分析与规划（1天）：明确核心目标——展示MARBURY v. MADISON案法庭意见书原文、解析法律文书要素、提供法律英语双语学习资源；确定页面模块结构，制定开发时间表（原型设计2天+前端开发3天+测试优化1天）。
  2. 原型设计与素材准备（2天）：Day1：使用Figma绘制网页原型，确定各模块位置、字体样式、色彩搭配；Day2：从教材中提取MARBURY v. MADISON案原文，筛选案例中的核心法律术语、短语与句型，整理双语知识库素材。
  3. 前端开发（3天）：
    • Day1：搭建HTML基础结构，完成“设计者信息”“设计工具方法过程”模块的静态页面开发，引入Bootstrap框架实现初步响应式布局。
    • Day2：开发“法庭意见书要素”模块，嵌入原文节选，设计要素解析表格；搭建“双语知识库”基础框架，完成术语部分的排版。
    • Day3：完善“双语知识库”的短语与句型部分，添加术语卡片hover交互效果、表格行点击高亮效果；测试多设备适配情况，修复样式与功能bug。
  4. 测试与优化（1天）：检查功能完整性（交互效果、链接跳转）、文本准确性（案例原文、双语翻译）；优化页面加载速度（压缩CSS/JS文件、简化冗余代码）；邀请同学试用，收集反馈并调整模块间距、字体大小等细节。

2. 法庭意见书要素（英文）

2.1 法庭意见书原文（Excerpt from WILLIAM MARBURY v. JAMES MADISON）

Supreme Court of United States
Opinion of the Court.

At the last term on the affidavits then read and filed with the clerk, a rule was granted in this case, requiring the secretary of state to show cause why a mandamus should not issue, directing him to deliver to William Marbury his commission as a justice of the peace for the county of Washington, in the district of Columbia.

No cause has been shown, and the present motion is for a mandamus. The peculiar delicacy of this case, the novelty of some of its circumstances, and the real difficulty attending the points which occur in it, require a complete exposition of the principles on which the opinion to be given by the court is founded.

These principles have been, on the side of the applicant, very ably argued at the bar. In rendering the opinion of the court, there will be some departure in form, though not in substance, from the points stated in that argument.

In the order in which the court has viewed this subject, the following questions have been considered and decided:
1stly. Has the applicant a right to the commission he demands?
2ndly. If he has a right, and that right has been violated, do the laws of his country afford him a remedy?
3rdly. If they do afford him a remedy, is it a mandamus issuing from this court?

The first object of inquiry is,
1stly. Has the applicant a right to the commission he demands?

His right originates in an act of congress passed in February, 1801, concerning the district of Columbia.

After dividing the district into two counties, the 11th section of this law enacts, “that there shall be appointed in and for each of the said counties, such number of discreet persons to be justices of the peace as the president of the United States shall, from time to time, think expedient, to continue in office for five years.”

It appears, from the affidavits, that in compliance with this law, a commission for William Marbury, as a justice of peace for the county of Washington, was signed by John Adams, then President of the United States; after which the seal of the United States was affixed to it; but the commission has never reached the person for whom it was made out.

2.2 要素解析（Key Elements of Legal Opinions）

Element Name（要素名称） Definition（定义） Example in the Excerpt（原文示例）
Court Identification
（法院标识）		 Indicates the judicial body issuing the opinion, usually placed at the beginning of the document to confirm the authority of the decision-maker.（指明出具意见书的法院，通常位于文档开头，确认裁决主体的权威性） "Supreme Court of United States"
Opinion Label
（意见书标识）		 Distinguishes the official opinion of the court from dissenting opinions (by judges who disagree) or concurring opinions (by judges who agree for different reasons).（表明内容为法院官方意见，区别于反对意见或协同意见） "Opinion of the Court"
Procedural History
（诉讼程序史）		 Describes the background of the case, including previous court proceedings and the current motion, to help readers understand the case's development.（描述案件背景，包括先前诉讼程序与当前动议，帮助读者了解案件进展） "At the last term on the affidavits... No cause has been shown, and the present motion is for a mandamus."
Legal Questions
（法律问题）		 Core legal issues that the court needs to resolve, usually listed clearly to guide the subsequent reasoning and judgment.（法院需裁决的核心法律问题，通常明确列出，引导后续推理与裁决） The three questions: 1. Marbury’s right to the commission; 2. Legal remedy for violated right; 3. Mandamus as a proper remedy.
Factual Basis
（事实依据）		 Presents key facts of the case (e.g., events, evidence) that support the court's analysis and judgment.（呈现案件关键事实，如事件经过、证据等，为法院的分析与裁决提供支撑） "a commission for William Marbury... was signed by John Adams... the seal of the United States was affixed to it; but the commission has never reached him."
Legal Authority
（法律依据）		 Cites laws, statutes, or precedents to justify the court's reasoning, ensuring the judgment is based on legal provisions.（引用法律、制定法或先例，为法院的推理提供依据，确保裁决有法可依） "an act of congress passed in February, 1801" and "the 11th section of this law"

3. 双语知识库（Bilingual Knowledge Base）

3.1 法律术语（Legal Terms - 20个）

1. Mandamus（强制令）
A writ issued by a court ordering a public official or government body to perform a legal duty they have refused to do.（法院签发的令状，命令公职人员或政府机构履行其拒绝执行的法定义务）
例句：The court considered whether to issue a mandamus to compel the secretary of state to deliver the commission.
2. Commission（委任状）
A formal document issued by a government authority that confirms a person's appointment to a public office.（政府机构签发的正式文件，确认某人被任命担任公职）
例句：Marbury claimed he was entitled to the commission as a justice of the peace signed by President Adams.
3. Affidavit（宣誓书）
A written statement made under oath, used as evidence in legal proceedings to support or oppose a motion.（经宣誓作出的书面陈述，在法律程序中作为支持或反对某项动议的证据）
例句：The affidavits filed with the clerk provided key facts about Marbury’s unpaid commission.
4. Jurisdiction（管辖权）
The authority of a court to hear and decide a particular case, based on factors like case type and geographic area.（法院根据案件类型、地理区域等因素，审理和裁决特定案件的权力）
例句：The Supreme Court analyzed its jurisdiction to issue a mandamus in Marbury’s case.
5. Statute（制定法）
A written law enacted by a legislative body (e.g., Congress in the U.S.) that prescribes rights and duties.（由立法机构（如美国国会）制定的书面法律，规定权利与义务）
例句：Marbury’s right to the office originated from a statute passed by Congress in February 1801.
6. Procedural History（诉讼程序史）
A summary of the steps taken in a legal case before it reaches the current court, including prior motions and rulings.（案件在到达当前法院之前所经历的程序摘要，包括先前的动议和裁决）
例句：The opinion began with the procedural history of Marbury’s motion for a mandamus.
7. Legal Remedy（法律救济）
A way provided by law to correct a legal wrong or enforce a right, such as mandamus, damages, or injunctions.（法律规定的纠正法律错误或执行权利的方式，如强制令、损害赔偿或禁令）
例句：The court examined whether a legal remedy existed for Marbury’s violated right to the commission.
8. Justice of the Peace（治安法官）
A local judicial officer with limited authority, responsible for handling minor civil or criminal cases.（拥有有限管辖权的地方司法官员，负责处理轻微的民事或刑事案件）
例句：Marbury was appointed as a justice of the peace for Washington County in the District of Columbia.
9. Seal of the United States（美国国玺）
The official seal of the U.S. government, used to authenticate important documents like commissions and treaties.（美国政府的官方印章，用于认证委任状、条约等重要文件）
例句：The seal of the United States was affixed to Marbury’s commission after it was signed by the president.
10. Legislative Body（立法机构）
An organization with the authority to make laws, such as the U.S. Congress or state legislatures.（拥有立法权的机构，如美国国会或州议会）
例句：The legislative body passed the 1801 act that established the office of justice of the peace.
11. Dissenting Opinion（反对意见）
An opinion written by a judge who disagrees with the majority decision of the court, explaining the reasons for disagreement.（由反对法院多数裁决的法官撰写的意见，解释反对理由）
例句：No dissenting opinion was issued in Marbury v. Madison, as the court reached a unanimous decision.
12. Concurring Opinion（协同意见）
An opinion written by a judge who agrees with the majority’s conclusion but for different legal reasons.（由同意多数裁决结论但基于不同法律理由的法官撰写的意见）
例句：The justice wrote a concurring opinion to emphasize a different legal basis for supporting Marbury’s right.
13. Obligation（义务）
A legal duty to do or refrain from doing something, enforceable by law.（法律规定的作为或不作为的义务，可通过法律强制执行）
例句：The secretary of state had an obligation to deliver Marbury’s commission under the law.
14. Violation of Right（权利侵害）
An act that infringes on a legal right protected by law, entitling the injured party to a remedy.（侵犯受法律保护的合法权利的行为，使受害方有权获得救济）
例句：Withholding Marbury’s commission was a violation of his legal right to the office.
15. Jurisdictional Issue（管辖权问题）
A dispute or question about whether a court has the authority to hear and decide a particular case.（关于法院是否有权审理和裁决特定案件的争议或问题）
例句：The key jurisdictional issue in Marbury’s case was whether the Supreme Court could issue a mandamus.
16. Public Official（公职人员）
A person holding a position in the government and performing public duties, such as the secretary of state or a judge.（在政府中担任职务并履行公共职责的人，如国务卿或法官）
例句：The secretary of state, as a public official, was required to fulfill his legal duty to deliver the commission.
17. Legal Principle（法律原则）
A fundamental rule or doctrine that guides legal decisions and interpretations of law.（指导法律裁决和法律解释的基本规则或学说）
例句：Marbury v. Madison established the legal principle of judicial review in the United States.
18. Enforcement（执行）
The process of carrying out a legal judgment or order to ensure compliance with the law.（实施法律裁决或命令以确保遵守法律的过程）
例句：The mandamus was intended for the enforcement of Marbury’s right to receive his commission.
19. Legislative Intent（立法意图）
The purpose or goal that a legislative body intends to achieve by passing a particular law.（立法机构通过特定法律时意图实现的目的或目标）
例句：The court analyzed the legislative intent of the 1801 act to determine Marbury’s right to the office.
20. Judicial Review（司法审查）
The power of a court to examine whether a law, act, or decision is consistent with the constitution.（法院审查法律、行为或裁决是否符合宪法的权力）
例句：Marbury v. Madison is famous for establishing the principle of judicial review in U.S. law.

3.2 法律短语（Legal Phrases - 10个）

1. Show cause（说明理由）
A court order requiring a party to explain why a certain action should not be taken against them.（法院命令一方当事人解释为何不应对其采取特定行动）
例句：The secretary of state was ordered to show cause why a mandamus should not be issued to deliver the commission.
2. Issue a writ（签发令状）
The act of a court formally creating and delivering a written order (e.g., mandamus) to enforce a legal right.（法院正式制定并交付书面命令（如强制令）以执行合法权利的行为）
例句：The court debated whether to issue a writ of mandamus to compel the secretary of state’s action.
3. Originate in an act of Congress（源于国会法案）
To have the legal basis or source in a law passed by the U.S. Congress.（拥有在美国国会通过的法律中的法律依据或来源）
例句：Marbury’s right to the commission originated in an act of Congress passed in February 1801.
4. Comply with the law（遵守法律）
To act in accordance with the requirements and provisions of the law.（按照法律的要求和规定行事）
例句：The president complied with the law when he signed Marbury’s commission as a justice of the peace.
5. Affix the seal（加盖印章）
To attach an official seal to a document to confirm its authenticity and legal validity.（在文件上加盖官方印章，确认其真实性和法律效力）
例句：The seal of the United States was affixed to Marbury’s commission after it was signed by the president.
6. Violate a legal right（侵害合法权利）
To infringe on or fail to respect a right that is protected by law.（侵犯或不尊重受法律保护的权利）
例句：Withholding Marbury’s commission violated his legal right to hold the office of justice of the peace.
7. Afford a remedy（提供救济）
To provide a legal way to correct a wrong or enforce a right for an injured party.（为受害方提供纠正错误或执行权利的法律途径）
例句：The court asked whether the laws of the country afforded Marbury a remedy for his violated right.
8. Render an opinion（作出意见）
To formally give a court’s judgment or legal analysis on a case after considering the facts and law.（法院在考虑事实和法律后，正式给出对案件的裁决或法律分析）
例句：The Supreme Court rendered its opinion on Marbury’s case to clarify the legal issues involved.
9. Consider and decide（审议并裁决）
To examine the facts and legal issues of a case and make a formal decision or judgment.（审查案件的事实和法律问题，并作出正式决定或裁决）
例句：The court considered and decided three key legal questions in Marbury v. Madison.
10. File with the clerk（向书记员提交）
To submit a legal document to the court clerk for official recording and inclusion in the case file.（将法律文件提交给法院书记员，以便正式记录并归入案件档案）
例句：The affidavits supporting Marbury’s motion were filed with the clerk at the last term of the court.

3.3 典型句型（Typical Sentence Patterns - 5个）

1. “The court considers whether [legal action] is appropriate to [achieve legal purpose].”
中文句型：“法院审议[法律行为]是否适合用于[实现法律目的]。”
应用场景：用于描述法院对特定法律行为（如签发强制令）合法性与适用性的判断，常见于法律意见书的推理部分
例句：The court considers whether issuing a mandamus is appropriate to enforce Marbury’s right to the commission.
2. “The [claimant]’s right originates in [legal authority], which provides that [specific provision].”
中文句型：“[索赔人]的权利源于[法律依据]，该依据规定[具体条款内容]。”
应用场景：用于说明当事人权利的法律来源，明确权利的合法性基础，常见于事实依据或法律分析部分
例句：Marbury’s right to the office originates in an 1801 congressional act, which provides that the president appoints justices of the peace for five-year terms.
3. “After examining the [factual basis/legal principle], the court concludes that [judgment].”
中文句型：“在审查[事实依据/法律原则]后，法院得出结论认为[裁决内容]。”
应用场景：用于衔接法院的审理过程与最终裁决，体现推理的逻辑性，常见于意见书的结论部分
例句：After examining the procedural history and legal authority, the court concludes that Marbury has a legal right to the commission.
4. “The key question before the court is whether [legal issue], which depends on [determining factor].”
中文句型：“法院面临的核心问题是[法律问题]是否成立，这取决于[决定性因素]。”
应用场景：用于明确案件的核心争议点，引导读者关注关键法律问题及其影响因素，常见于法律问题列举部分
例句：The key question before the court is whether it has jurisdiction to issue a mandamus, which depends on the interpretation of constitutional authority.
5. “[Public official] fails to perform [specific duty], which constitutes a violation of [legal right].”
中文句型：“[公职人员]未履行[具体职责]，该行为构成对[合法权利]的侵害。”
应用场景：用于指控公职人员未履行法定义务，明确行为的违法性，常见于事实陈述或法律救济主张部分
例句：The secretary of state fails to deliver Marbury’s commission, which constitutes a violation of Marbury’s legal right to hold the office.
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