马布里诉麦迪逊案 - 交互式学习资源

马布里诉麦迪逊案

Marbury v. Madison - 美国司法审查制度确立的标志性案例

设计者: 张以熙

1. 设计工具、方法、过程

设计工具

HTML5

网页结构搭建与语义化标记

CSS3

样式设计、动画效果与响应式布局

JavaScript

交互功能实现与动态内容

Figma

界面原型设计与用户体验规划

设计方法

采用响应式网页设计(RWD)方法，确保在不同设备上均有良好体验。运用渐进式信息展示策略，通过卡片式设计、标签页和交互动效，将复杂的法律内容分层呈现，降低认知负荷。

设计过程

需求分析与内容规划

分析马布里诉麦迪逊案的教学需求，确定内容结构和交互方式，规划信息架构。

原型设计与视觉规划

创建线框图和视觉原型，确定色彩方案、排版和整体视觉风格。

交互设计与开发

实现网页交互功能，包括标签页切换、卡片悬停效果和响应式布局。

内容整合与优化

整合所有法律内容，进行跨设备测试和性能优化，确保内容准确性和可访问性。

2. Key Elements of the Court Opinion

I. Case Background

After losing the 1800 election, Federalist President Adams hastily appointed numerous Federalist judges before the transfer of power (the "Midnight Judges"). William Marbury was commissioned as a justice of the peace, and his appointment was complete but not delivered due to time constraints. The newly inaugurated Democratic-Republican President Jefferson ordered Secretary of State Madison to withhold these commissions. Marbury sued directly in the Supreme Court under Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789, seeking a writ of mandamus against Madison.

II. Core Legal Issues

The core legal issues of the case can be summarized in three interconnected points:

Did Marbury have a right to the commission he demands?
If he had a right, and that right was violated, does the law of the country afford him a remedy?
If the law does afford a remedy, is it a mandamus issuing from the Supreme Court?

III. The Ruling

Declared withholding the commission violated a vested legal right
Ruled Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
Denied Marbury's petition but established the principle of judicial review

IV. Significance

Establishing the Principle of Judicial Review
Establishing the Modern Framework of Checks and Balances
Solidifying the Constitution as Supreme Law

3. 双语知识库

法律术语 (20个)

专业短语 (10个)

典型句型 (5个)

Judicial Review 司法审查

法院审查立法和行政行为合宪性的权力

Writ of Mandamus 履行职务令

命令政府官员履行法定职责的法院令状

Commission 委任状

正式授予官职或权力的文件

Jurisdiction 管辖权

法院审理案件的法定权力

Constitutionality 合宪性

法律或行为符合宪法的程度

Separation of Powers 权力分立

政府权力在立法、行政和司法部门间的分配

Supreme Court 最高法院

美国司法系统的最高审级

Chief Justice 首席大法官

最高法院的负责人

Statutory Law 制定法

由立法机关通过的法律

Judiciary Act 司法法案

1789年确立联邦法院系统的法律

Original Jurisdiction 初审管辖权

法院直接审理案件的权力，而非上诉审

Appellate Jurisdiction 上诉管辖权

法院审理上诉案件的权力

Constitutional Law 宪法性法律

涉及宪法解释和应用的法律领域

Executive Branch 行政部门

负责执行法律的政府分支

Judicial Branch 司法部门

负责解释法律的政府分支

Legislative Branch 立法部门

负责制定法律的政府分支

Precedent 判例

为后续类似案件提供指导的司法决定

Unconstitutional 违宪的

与宪法规定相抵触的

Remedy 救济

法院为纠正错误而采取的措施

Vested Right 既得权利

已经获得且受法律保护的权利

Checks and Balances 制衡原则

政府各部门相互制约与平衡的制度安排

Due Process of Law 正当法律程序

政府必须遵循公平法律程序的宪法要求

Federal Judiciary 联邦司法系统

美国联邦层面的法院体系

Judicial Power 司法权

法院解释和适用法律的权力

Constitutional Supremacy 宪法至上

宪法在国家法律体系中具有最高地位的原则

Judicial Independence 司法独立

司法机关独立行使审判权的原则

Legal Remedy 法律救济

通过法律程序获得的补救措施

Court of Record 记录法院

其诉讼程序被永久记录的法院

Constitutional Interpretation 宪法解释

对宪法条文含义的理解和阐释

Supreme Law of the Land 国家最高法律

宪法作为国家最高法律效力的表述

句型 1: It is the province and duty of [机构] to [核心职能]

"It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is."

"明确阐述法律是什么，正是司法部门的职权和责任。"

句型 2: A law repugnant to ... is void.

"A law repugnant to the Constitution is void."

"与宪法相抵触的法律是无效的。"

句型 3: It is not by ... , but by ... , that ... is to be determined.

"It is not by the office of the person to whom the writ is directed, but by the nature of the thing to be done, that the propriety or impropriety of issuing a mandamus is to be determined."

"是否适宜发出履行职务令，不是由令状所针对的人的职务决定的，而是由要做的事情的性质决定的。"

句型 4: [论据] confirms and strengthens the principle, that [原则一]

"The particular phraseology of the constitution of the United States confirms and strengthens the principle, supposed to be essential to all written constitutions, that a law repugnant to the constitution is void."

"美国宪法的特定措辞证实并强化了这一原则——与宪法相抵触的法律无效——这一原则对所有成文宪法都被认为是至关重要的。"

句型 5: If [前提1], and [前提2], then [结论]

"If then the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply."

"那么，如果法院要尊重宪法，并且宪法是高于立法机关的任何普通法案的，那么对于宪法和普通法案都适用的案件，必须由宪法，而不是该普通法案，来管辖。"